Free ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN Questions for PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN Exam [Dec-2025]

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NEW QUESTION # 200
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，正在與分配給您的審核團隊的正在接受培訓的審核員進行交談。您希望確保他們了解計劃-執行-檢查-行動週期的檢查階段對於資訊安全管理系統的運作的重要性。
您可以透過要求他選擇最能描述檢查活動目的的答案來做到這一點
'管理審查。
管理評審的目的是： 選擇 1

• A. 定期考慮資訊安全管理體系，以確保其持續合規性、充分性和有效性。
• B. 定期評估資訊安全管理體系，以確保其持續有效率、充分且有效。
• C. 依計畫的時間間隔檢視資訊安全管理體系，以確保其持續適用性、充分性和有效性。
• D. 定期更新資訊安全管理體系，以確保其持續符合性、充分性和有效性。

Answer: C

Explanation:
The management review is a key component of the "Check" stage in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. Its primary purpose is to evaluate the overall ISMS and make strategic decisions for improvement. Here's why the other options are less accurate:
* A . Random intervals: Reviews should be conducted at planned intervals for consistency and tracking progress.
* B . Compliance: While compliance is a consideration, the main focus is on the system's suitability for the organization's needs, its adequacy in managing risks, and its overall effectiveness in achieving information security objectives.
* D . Update: The management review might lead to updates, but its primary goal is evaluation, not immediate modification.
Reference:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 9.3 (Management Review): Outlines the purpose and requirement for conducting management reviews.

NEW QUESTION # 201
場景3：NightCore是一家總部位於美國的跨國科技公司，專注於電子商務、雲端運算、數位串流媒體和人工智慧。在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 8 個多月後，他們聘請了認證機構進行第三方審核，以獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構成立了一個由七名審核員組成的團隊。傑克是最有經驗的審核員，被任命為審核組組長。多年來，他獲得了許多知名認證，例如 ISO/IEC 27001 首席審核員、CISA、CISSP 和 CISM。
Jack 透過研究和評估 NightCore 實施的每項資訊安全要求和控制，對 ISMS 審查的每個階段進行了全面分析。在第二階段審核期間。傑克發現了一些不合格項。在將購買的軟體許可證發票數量與軟體庫存進行比較後，傑克發現該公司的許多電腦一直在使用非法版本的軟體。他決定要求高階主管對這項違規行為做出解釋，看看他們是否意識到這一點。他的下一步是審計 NightCore 的 IT 部門。高層指派 NightCore 的系統管理員 Tom 擔任指導，陪伴 Jack 和稽核團隊了解系統和數位資產基礎設施的內部運作。
在採訪財務部的一名成員時，審計人員發現該公司最近向其一名顧問進行了一些不尋常的大額交易。收集有關交易的所有必要詳細資訊後。傑克決定直接訪問高階主管。
在討論第一個不合格項時，高階主管告訴傑克，他們願意決定使用複製軟體而不是原始軟體，因為它更便宜。 Jack向NightCore的高層解釋說，使用非法版本的軟體違反了ISO/IEC 27001和國家法律法規的要求。然而，他們似乎對此感到滿意。
在審計幾個月後，Jack 將他在審計期間收集的一些 NightCore 資訊出售給了 NightCore 的競爭對手，以獲取巨額資金。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
根據情境 3。

• A. 附件 A 5.1 資訊安全政策
• B. 附件 A 5.32 智慧財產權
• C. 附件 A 5.10 資訊及其他相關資產的可接受使用

Answer: B

Explanation:
By using illegal versions of software, NightCore ignored the control about intellectual property rights under Annex A.8.1.1 of ISO/IEC 27001, which requires the protection of organizational records to include intellectual property and personal information held in the form of data or software.

NEW QUESTION # 202
場景 1：Fintive 是一家傑出的線上支付和保護解決方案安全提供者。 Fintive 於 1999 年由 Thomas Fin 在加州聖荷西創立，為線上營運、希望提高資訊安全、防止詐欺並保護 PII 等用戶資訊的公司提供服務。 Fintive的決策和營運流程以以往的案例為中心。他們收集客戶數據，根據情況進行分類並進行分析。該公司需要大量員工才能進行如此複雜的分析。然而，幾年後，協助進行此類分析的技術也取得了進展。現在，Fintive 正計劃使用現代工具聊天機器人來實現模式分析，以即時防止詐騙。該工具也將用於幫助改善客戶服務。
這個最初的想法已傳達給軟體開發團隊，他們支持該想法並被分配從事該專案。他們開始將聊天機器人整合到現有系統中。此外，團隊也為聊天機器人設定了一個目標，即回答 85% 的聊天查詢。
聊天機器人成功整合後，該公司立即將其發布給客戶使用。
然而，聊天機器人似乎存在一些問題。
由於測試不足​​，並且在訓練階段缺乏向聊天機器人提供的樣本（在訓練階段，聊天機器人本應「學習」查詢模式），因此聊天機器人無法解決用戶查詢並提供正確的答案。此外，當聊天機器人收到無效輸入（例如奇怪的點圖案和特殊字元）時​​，它會向使用者發送隨機檔案。因此，聊天機器人無法正確回答客戶的查詢，而傳統的客戶支援因聊天查詢而不堪重負，因此無法幫助客戶解決他們的請求。
因此，Fintive 制定了軟體開發政策。該政策規定，無論軟體是內部開發還是外包，在作業系統上實施之前都將經過黑盒測試。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
根據場景 1，聊天機器人無法正確回答客戶的詢問。本案影響了資訊安全的哪些原則？

• A. 保密性
• B. 可用性
• C. 誠信

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 203
審核員應具備一定的知識和技能；而審計組長也應該具備一些額外的知識和技能。從下面的清單中，選擇僅適用於審核團隊領導的兩項。

• A. 了解受審核方的文化和社會面
• B. 有效利用提供給審計的資源
• C. 瞭解並應用以風險為基礎的稽核方法
• D. 驗證所收集資訊的相關性和準確性
• E. 計劃審核
• F. 應用適當的取樣技術

Answer: B,E

Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook1, audit team leaders should have the following additional knowledge and skills compared to auditors:
*Plan the audit, including preparing the audit plan, assigning work to the audit team members and coordinating their activities
*Make effective use of resources provided to the audit, such as personnel, time, budget and equipment
*Manage the audit process, including leading the opening and closing meetings, directing the audit team, resolving conflicts and ensuring the audit objectives are achieved
*Review and approve the audit report and audit findings
*Communicate with the client and other interested parties throughout the audit References: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 9-10.

NEW QUESTION # 204
根據發現的不合格項。 A 公司製定了行動計劃，其中包括發現的不合格項、根本原因以及關於將採取的每項行動的一般說明。這是可以接受的嗎？

• A. 是的，受審核方必須提交行動計劃，其中包括有關將採取的行動的一般聲明
• B. 不，行動計劃應包括有關將安裝的系統以及這些系統將如何消除根本原因的信息
• C. 否，受審核方必須提交行動計劃，其中包括有關如何實施每項糾正措施的詳細信息

Answer: C

Explanation:
The auditee is required to submit action plans that include detailed information on how every corrective action will be implemented. General statements are not sufficient; the action plans must specify the corrective actions in detail to ensure that the root causes of the nonconformities are addressed effectively.

NEW QUESTION # 205
下列哪一項是組織環境的定義？

• A. 可能影響組織制定和實現其目標的方法的內部和外部問題的組合
• B. 協調可能對組織的成功產生正面或負面影響的內部和外部問題
• C. 對可能影響組織實現其目標的願望的內部和外部問題的控制
• D. 可能影響組織制定和實現其目標的方法的內部和外部問題的複雜性

Answer: A

Explanation:
The context of the organisation is the business environment in which the organisation operates and defines its information security management system (ISMS). It includes the internal and external factors and conditions that can influence the organisation's information security objectives, strategies, and policies. The context of the organisation helps the organisation to identify the scope, boundaries, and requirements of the ISMS, as well as the interested parties and their expectations. The context of the organisation is determined by considering both internal and external issues, such as the organisational structure, culture, values, mission, vision, objectives, strategies, resources, capabilities, processes, activities, products, services, markets, customers, competitors, suppliers, partners, regulators, laws, regulations, standards, guidelines, best practices, risks, opportunities, threats, vulnerabilities, etc. References: ISO 27001:2022 Clause 4 Context of the organization, ISO 27001 Requirement 4.1 - Understanding the Context of the Organisation, ISO 27001 context of the organization - How to define it - Advisera

NEW QUESTION # 206
審計小組負責人正計劃在今年稍早完成第三方監督審計後進行後續審計。他們決定在考慮採取糾正措施之前先驗證需要糾正的不合格項。
根據以下的描述，下列哪四項是監督中發現的不合格項的修正？

• A. 產品運輸的書面流程並未反映發貨團隊如何進行此活動，已被重寫，並對團隊進行了相應的培訓
• B. 預定的管理評審因錯過而被總經理優先安排，每年在特定日期舉行兩次
• C. 未與新系統一起發送給客戶的軟體安裝指南已發布
• D. 組織未能維持其適用性表，將其更新責任重新分配給技術總監
• E. 顏色編碼為綠色（可用）而不是紅色（待銷毀）的硬碟 HD302 已從系統中刪除
• F. 未依照規定程序進行備份的資料中心員工接受了再培訓
• G. 已修正日期錯誤的新網路交換器採購訂單
• H. 新增了客戶資料服務供應合約中缺少的簽名

Answer: C,E,G,H

Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, a correction is an action to eliminate a detected nonconformity, such as rework, repair, or replacement1. The examples of A, B, C, and E are corrections because they fix the errors or defects that caused the nonconformities, such as a missing signature, a missing guide, a wrong date, or a wrong colour code. The other examples (D, F, G, and H) are not corrections, but corrective actions, because they address the root causes of the nonconformities, such as inadequate training, poor planning, ineffective documentation, or unclear responsibility2. Reference: 1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 35, section 4.5.12: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 36, section 4.5.2.

NEW QUESTION # 207
資訊安全是建立和維護 ________ 的問題。

• A. 保密性
• B. 信任
• C. 防火牆
• D. 保護

Answer: B

Explanation:
Information security is a matter of building and maintaining trust. Trust is the confidence that information and information processing facilities are protected from unauthorized or malicious actions that could compromise their confidentiality, integrity or availability. Trust is essential for establishing and maintaining relationships with customers, partners, suppliers, employees and other stakeholders who rely on the organization's information and services. Trust is also a key factor for achieving compliance with legal, regulatory and contractual obligations, as well as meeting the organization's own information security objectives and policies. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines information security as "preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information" (see clause 3.28) and states that "the purpose of an information security management system is to provide a framework for managing activities that influence the trustworthiness of information" (see Introduction). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Trust?

NEW QUESTION # 208

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:
An audit finding is the result of the evaluation of the collected audit evidence against audit criteria.

NEW QUESTION # 209
審計結果是根據審計標準對收集的審計證據進行評估的結果。評估以下潛在的審計證據格式並選擇可接受的兩種。

• A. 有關 IT 審核結果的記錄資訊
• B. IT 經理與系統工程師之間對話的錄音
• C. 對測試結果進行未簽署的手寫更改
• D. IT 經理的事實陳述
• E. 系統工程師的言論，無法驗證
• F. 觀察先前錄製的演示危險活動表現的視頻

Answer: A,F

Explanation:
According to the ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor exam preparation guide1, audit evidence can be in various formats, such as records, statements of fact, or other information that is relevant and verifiable. Audit evidence can be collected by means of interviews, observation, sampling, testing, or other techniques. However, not all formats of audit evidence are acceptable or reliable. For example, unsigned hand written changes to test results (A) are not verifiable and may indicate tampering or falsification. Statements by a system engineer that cannot be verified (D) are also not reliable and may be biased or inaccurate. An audio recording of a dialog between the IT manager and a system engineer (F) may not be relevant to the audit criteria or may violate the confidentiality or consent of the parties involved. A statement of facts by the IT manager (B) may be relevant and verifiable, but it is not sufficient as audit evidence unless it is supported by other sources of information. Therefore, the two acceptable formats of audit evidence are documented information on results of IT audits and observation of a previously recorded video demonstrating the performance of a hazardous activity (E), as they are relevant to the audit criteria and can be verified by other means. Reference: 1: https://pecb.com/pdf/exam-preparation-guides/pecb-iso-iec-27001-lead-auditor-exam-preparation-guide.pdf (page 9)

NEW QUESTION # 210
a------------ 的職責包括促進審核活動、維護後勤、確保遵守健康和安全政策以及代表受審核方見證審核過程。

• A. 內部稽核員
• B. 觀察者
• C. 指南

Answer: C

Explanation:
The responsibilities described fit those of a "guide." A guide in an audit context is typically someone from the auditee's organization who facilitates audit activities, manages logistics, ensures compliance with health and safety policies, and may also witness the audit process, assisting the audit team.

NEW QUESTION # 211
認證審核的審核計畫不需要下列哪兩個資訊選項？

• A. 抽樣計劃
• B. 審核清單
• C. 管理系統所代表的工作經驗
• D. 審核計劃
• E. 組織的財務報表
• F. 文件審查

Answer: C,E

Explanation:
These two options are not required for audit planning of a certification audit, as they are not relevant to the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and methods. The working experience of the management system representative is not a requirement of ISO/IEC 27001, nor does it affect the conformity or effectiveness of the ISMS. The organisation's financial statement is not part of the ISMS documentation, nor does it provide evidence of the ISMS performance or improvement. The other options are required for audit planning, as they help to determine the audit activities, resources, schedule, and sampling strategy. References: PECB Candidate Handbook1, page 19-20; ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on2, page 1-2; ISO/IEC
27001:2022 (en)3, clause 9.2.

NEW QUESTION # 212
場景 7：Lawsy 是一家領先的律師事務所，在新澤西州和紐約市設有辦公室。它擁有 50 多名律師，為商業法、智慧財產權、銀行和金融服務領域的客戶提供完善的法律服務。他們相信，由於他們致力於實施資訊安全最佳實踐並跟上技術發展的步伐，他們在市場上佔據了有利的地位。
Lawsy 已經嚴格實施、評估和進行 ISMS 內部審核兩年了。
現在，他們已向知名且值得信賴的認證機構ISMA申請ISO/IEC 27001認證。
在第一階段審核期間，審核小組審查了實施過程中所建立的所有 ISMS 文件。
他們還審查和評估了管理審查和內部審計的記錄。
Lawsy 提交了證據記錄，表明在必要時對不合格項採取了糾正措施，因此審核組約談了內部審核員。訪談透過提供對內部稽核計畫和程序的詳細了解，驗證了內部稽核的充分性和頻率。
審計小組繼續驗證戰略文件，包括資訊安全政策和風險評估標準。在資訊安全政策審查期間，團隊注意到描述治理框架（即資訊安全政策）的記錄資訊與程序之間存在不一致。
儘管允許員工將筆記型電腦帶到工作場所之外，但 Lawsy 並沒有製定有關在這種情況下使用筆記型電腦的程序。此政策僅提供有關筆記型電腦使用的一般資訊。該公司依靠員工的常識來保護筆記型電腦中儲存的資訊的機密性和完整性。該問題已記錄在第一階段審計報告中。
完成第一階段審核後，審核組長準備了審核計劃，其中規定了審核目標、範圍、標準和程序。
在第二階段審核期間，審核小組約談了資安經理，資安經理起草了資訊安全政策。他透過指出 Lawsy 每三個月舉辦一次強制性資訊安全培訓和意識課程來證明第一階段中確定的問題的合理性。
面談後，審核小組檢查了 15 份員工培訓記錄（共 50 份），得出的結論是 Lawsy 符合 ISO/IEC 27001 有關培訓和意識的要求。為了支持這個結論，他們影印了檢查過的員工訓練記錄。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
審核小組透過檢查 50 份員工培訓記錄中的 15 份得出結論，Lawsy 符合 ISO/IEC 27001 與培訓和意識相關的要求（如場景 7 中所述）。

• A. 審核員
• B. 取樣
• C. 樣本大小

Answer: C

Explanation:
This scenario presents a risk related to the sample size. Examining only 15 out of 50 employee training records may not provide a fully representative view of the entire organization's adherence to the training and awareness requirements of ISO/IEC 27001. There is a risk that this sample size is not sufficient to justify a general conclusion about the entire organization.

NEW QUESTION # 213
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院 (ABC) 進行 ISMS 審核。審核計劃的下一步是驗證 ABC 醫療保健行動應用程式開發、支援和生命週期流程的資訊安全性。在審核過程中，您了解到該組織將行動應用程式開發外包給了一家具有 CMMI 5 級、ITSM（ISO/IEC 20000-
1)、BCMS (ISO 22301) 和 ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) 認證。
IT經理介紹了軟體安全管理流程，並將流程總結如下：
行動應用程式開發至少應採用「設計安全」和「預設安全」原則。應具備以下個人資料保護安全功能：
存取控制。
個人資料加密，即高階加密標準（AES）演算法，金鑰長度：256位元；個人資料假名化。
已檢查漏洞，無安全後門
您採樣最新的行動應用測試報告，詳細資訊如下：

您詢問 IT 經理，為什麼組織仍在使用行動應用程序，而個人資料加密和假名化測試卻失敗了。此外，服務經理是否有權批准測試。
IT經理解釋說，根據軟體安全管理程序，測試結果應由他批准。
加密和假名功能失敗的原因是這些功能嚴重降低了系統和服務效能。需要額外 150% 的資源來滿足這一點。服務經理同意存取控制足夠好並且可以接受。這就是服務經理簽署批准書的原因。
您正在準備審計結果。選擇正確的選項。

• A. 存在不合格項 (NC)。組織和開發人員執行的安全測試失敗。
  （與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.29）
• B. 不存在不合格項 (NC)。服務經理做出了繼續提供服務的正確決定。
  （與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.30）
• C. 存在不合格項 (NC)。組織和開發人員不執行驗收測試。
  （與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.29）
• D. 存在不合格項 (NC)。服務管理員不遵守軟體安全管理程序。 （與第 8.1 條相關，控制措施 A.8.30）

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct option is D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30). The IT Manager should have approved the test results according to the software security management procedure, not the Service Manager. The Service Manager's decision to accept the failed security tests also violates the "security-by- design" and "security-by-default" principles that the organization adopted. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant. The organization and developer did perform acceptance tests, but they failed (B, C). The Service Manager's decision to continue the service does not justify the nonconformity (A). References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Clause 8.1 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 5: Conducting an ISO/IEC 27001 audit

NEW QUESTION # 214
在發生資訊安全事件時，應遵守系統使用者的角色和責任，但以下情況除外：

• A. 如有需要，在調查期間與調查人員合作
• B. 必要時保留證據
• C. 讓所有員工了解資訊安全事件詳細信息
• D. 透過服務台發現後通報可疑或已知事件

Answer: C

Explanation:
The role and responsibility that system users should not observe in the event of an information security incident is D: make the information security incident details known to all employees. This is not a proper role or responsibility for system users, as it could cause unnecessary panic, confusion or speculation among employees who are not involved in the incident response process. It could also compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the incident information, which could be sensitive or confidential in nature. Making the information security incident details known to all employees could also violate the information security policies and procedures of the organization, which may require a certain level of discretion and confidentiality when dealing with incidents. The other roles and responsibilities are correct, as they describe what system users should do in the event of an information security incident, such as reporting the incident to the Servicedesk (A), preserving evidence if necessary (B), and cooperating with investigative personnel if needed
. These roles and responsibilities help to ensure a quick, effective and orderly response to information security incidents. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement procedures for reporting and managing information security incidents (see clause A.16.1). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC
27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Information Security Incident Management?

NEW QUESTION # 215
場景 2：Knight 是一家來自美國北加州的電子公司，開發電玩遊戲機。 Knight 在全球擁有 300 多名員工。在成立五週年之際，他們決定推出 G-Console，這是一款面向全球市場的新一代電玩遊戲機。 G-Console被認為是2021年的終極媒體機，將為玩家帶來最佳的遊戲體驗。
主機包將包括一副 VR 耳機、兩個
遊戲和其他禮物。
多年來，公司透過誠信、誠實和尊重客戶而建立了良好的聲譽。這種良好的聲譽是大多數熱衷遊戲玩家在Knight的G-console一上市就想擁有它的原因之一。
Knight 除了是一家非常以客戶為導向的公司之外，
也因其開發品質獲得了遊戲產業的廣泛認可。他們的價格比合理標準允許的要高一些。
儘管如此，對於 Knight 的大多數忠實客戶來說，這並不是一個問題，因為它們的品質是一流的。
作為世界頂級視訊遊戲機開發商之一，Knight 也經常成為惡意活動的焦點。該公司的 ISMS 已投入運作一年多了。 ISMS 範圍包括 Knight 的所有部門（財務和人力資源部門除外）。
最近，奈特的一些包含專有資訊的文件被駭客洩露。 Knight 的事件回應團隊 (IRT) 立即開始分析系統的每個部分以及事件的詳細資訊。
IRT 的第一個懷疑是 Knight 的員工使用了弱密碼，因此很容易被未經授權存取其帳戶的駭客破解。然而，在仔細調查該事件後，IRT 確定駭客透過擷取檔案傳輸協定 (FTP) 流量來存取帳戶。
FTP 是一種用於在帳戶之間傳輸檔案的網路協定。它使用明文密碼進行身份驗證。
受此資訊安全事件的影響，在IRT的建議下，Knight決定用Secure Shell (SSH)協定取代FTP，這樣任何捕獲流量的人都只能看到加密的資料。
在這些變化之後，奈特進行了風險評估，以驗證控制措施的實施是否已將類似事件的風險降至最低。該過程的結果得到了 ISMS 專案經理的批准，他聲稱實施新控制措施後的風險等級符合公司的風險接受程度。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
FTP 使用明文密碼進行驗證。這是一個 FTP：

• A. 風險
• B. 漏洞
• C. 威脅

Answer: B

Explanation:
The use of clear text passwords for authentication in FTP is a vulnerability because it is a weakness that can be exploited by threat actors. Clear text passwords can be intercepted easily by network sniffers or through man-in-the-middle attacks, making them a significant security risk1. References: = This explanation is consistent with the understanding of vulnerabilities within the field of information security, particularly as it relates to network protocols like FTP and their associated risks

NEW QUESTION # 216
下列哪兩項是有效的審計結論？

• A. 兩次內部審核的糾正措施尚未完成
• B. ISMS 入門訓練不提供惡意軟體預防的指導
• C. 風險登記冊自 202X 年 6 月以來尚未更新
• D. 適用範圍基於 ISO/IEC 27001 2013 版，而非 2022 版
• E. 組織的 ISMS 目標符合 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 的要求
• F. ISMS 政策已有效傳達給組織

Answer: E,F

Explanation:
The two statements that are valid audit conclusions are:
* The ISMS policy has been effectively communicated to the organisation
* The organisation's ISMS objectives meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 According to ISO 19011:2018, an audit conclusion is the outcome of an audit, provided by the audit team after considering the audit objectives and all audit findings1. An audit conclusion can be positive or negative, depending on whether the audit criteria are fulfilled or not. An audit conclusion can also include recommendations for improvement or recognition of good practices.
The statements D and E are valid audit conclusions, because they express the outcome of the audit based on the audit criteria and findings. For example:
* Statement D is a positive audit conclusion, because it indicates that the organisation has fulfilled the requirement of clause 5.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the ISMS policy must be communicated within the organisation and to relevant interested parties2. The audit team must have obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support this conclusion, such as records of communication, awareness activities, feedback, etc.
* Statement E is a positive audit conclusion, because it indicates that the organisation has fulfilled the requirement of clause 6.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must establish ISMS objectives that are consistent with the ISMS policy and relevant to the information security risks3. The audit team must have obtained sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to support this conclusion, such as records of objective setting, risk assessment, alignment with policy, etc.
The other statements are not valid audit conclusions, because they do not express the outcome of the audit based on the audit criteria and findings. They are rather examples of audit findings, which are the results of the evaluation of the collected audit evidence against the audit criteria4. Audit findings can indicate either conformity or nonconformity with the audit criteria, or opportunities for improvement. For example:
* Statement A is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause 7.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must provide information security awareness education and training to persons under its control5. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
* Statement B is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause 6.1.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must maintain and review the information security risk assessment at planned intervals or when significant changes occur6. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
* Statement C is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause 10.1 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must take action to eliminate the causes of nonconformities and prevent recurrence7. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.
* Statement F is a negative audit finding, because it indicates a nonconformity with the requirement of clause 6.1.3 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which states that the organisation must determine the controls that are necessary to implement the risk treatment plan, and document them in the statement of applicability8. The audit team must have identified and documented this nonconformity, and reported it to the auditee.

NEW QUESTION # 217
所有資訊資產的可接受使用均被禁止，但以下情況除外：

• A. 透過電子郵件將副本發送給非必要讀者
• B. 帶有非常大附件或發送給大量收件者的郵件。
• C. 經過主管/TL 許可的公司範圍內的電子郵件。
• D. 電子連鎖信

Answer: C

Explanation:
The only option that is not prohibited in acceptable use of information assets is C: company-wide e-mails with supervisor/TL permission. This option implies that the sender has obtained the necessary authorization from their supervisor or team leader to send an e-mail to all employees in the organization. This could be done for legitimate business purposes, such as announcing important news, events or updates that are relevant to everyone. However, this option should still be used sparingly and responsibly, as it could cause unnecessary disruption or annoyance to the recipients if abused or misused. The other options are prohibited in acceptable use of information assets, as they could violate the information security policies and procedures of the organization, as well as waste resources and bandwidth. Electronic chain letters (A) are messages that urge recipients to forward them to multiple other people, often with false or misleading claims or promises. They are considered spam and could contain malicious links or attachments that could compromise information security. E-mail copies to non-essential readers (B) are messages that are sent to recipients who do not need to receive them or have no interest in them. They are considered unnecessary and could clutter the inbox and distract the recipients from more important messages. Messages with very large attachments or to a large number of recipients (D) are messages that consume a lot of network resources and could affect the performance or availability of the information systems. They could also exceed the storage capacity or quota limits of the recipients' mailboxes and cause problems for them. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement rules for acceptable use of assets (see clause A.8.1.3). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology
- Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Acceptable Use?

NEW QUESTION # 218
場景 6：Cyber​​ ACrypt 是一家網路安全公司，透過提供反惡意軟體和設備安全、資產生命週期管理和設備加密來提供端點保護。為了根據 ISO/IEC 27001 驗證其 ISMS 並證明其對網路安全卓越的承諾，該公司經歷了由指定審計團隊負責人 John 領導的細緻的審計過程。
在接受審計任務後，John 立即組織了一次會議，概述了審計計劃和團隊角色。他們審查了 Cyber​​ ACrypt 的文檔信息，包括資訊安全政策和操作程序，確保每一份文件都符合標準並具有標準化的格式，包括作者標識、生產日期、版本號和批准日期。這次徹底的檢查旨在確定持續改進和遵守 ISMS 要求。該文件對於審計團隊和 Cyber​​ ACrypt 了解初步審計結果和需要關注的領域至關重要。
審計組也決定對主要相關方進行訪談。這項決定的目的是收集可靠的審計證據來驗證管理系統是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求。與 Cyber​​ ACrypt 各個層級的相關方進行接觸為審計團隊提供了寶貴的觀點以及對 ISMS 的實施和有效性的理解。
第一階段審計報告揭露了值得關注的關鍵領域。適用性聲明 (SoA) 和 ISMS 政策在多個方面存在缺陷，包括風險評估不足、存取控制不充分以及缺乏定期政策審查。這促使 Cyber​​ ACrypt 立即採取行動來解決這些缺陷。他們對戰略文件的快速回應和修改體現出了對實現合規的堅定承諾。
為了彌補審計團隊的網路安全知識差距而引入的技術專長在識別風險評估方法中的缺陷和審查網路架構方面發揮了關鍵作用。這包括評估防火牆、入侵偵測和預防系統以及其他網路安全措施，以及評估 Cyber​​ ACrypt 如何偵測、回應和恢復外部和內部威脅。在約翰的監督下，技術專家將審計結果傳達給了 Cyber​​ ACrypt 的代表。然而，審計小組發現，由於收取了被審計單位的諮詢費，該專家的客觀性可能受到影響。考慮到技術專家在審核過程中的行為，審核組長決定與認證機構討論這個問題。
根據上述情景，回答以下問題：
根據情境 6，第一階段審計的訪談目標是否由審計小組相應設定？

• A. 否，訪談的目的與管理系統的關鍵績效指標 (KPI) 不一致，從而降低了審核的有效性
• B. 是的，訪談的目的是收集審核證據，以驗證管理系統是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 要求
• C. 不，面試的目的是確保充分了解受審核方面臨的挑戰

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A . Correct Answer:
The primary goal of audit interviews is to validate compliance with ISO/IEC 27001.
ISO 19011:2018 states that interviews are a method to gather audit evidence.
B . Incorrect:
KPIs are relevant for performance measurement, but interviews focus on compliance validation.
C . Incorrect:
Understanding business challenges is secondary; the primary objective is ISO/IEC 27001 compliance verification.
Relevant Standard Reference:

NEW QUESTION # 219
情境 6：Sinvestment 是一家提供家庭保險、商業保險和人壽保險的保險公司。該公司成立於北卡羅來納州，但最近在其他地區進行了擴張，包括歐洲和非洲。
Sinvestment 致力於遵守適用於其行業的法律法規，並防止任何資訊安全事件。他們實施了基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的 ISMS 並申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構指派兩名審核員進行審核。與Sinvestment簽訂保密協議後。他們開始了審計活動。首先，他們審查了標準要求的文件，包括 ISMS 範圍聲明、資訊安全政策和內部稽核報告。審查過程並不容易，因為儘管 Sinvestment 表示他們已製定文件程序，但並非所有文件都具有相同的格式。
隨後，審計小組對Sinvestment的高階主管進行了多次訪談，以了解他們在ISMS實施中的作用。第一階段審計的所有活動都是遠端進行的，除了根據 Sinvestment 的要求在現場進行的文件資訊審查之外。
在此階段，審計人員發現沒有與資訊安全培訓和意識計劃相關的文件。被問及時，Sinvestment代表表示，公司已為所有員工提供資訊安全培訓課程。第一階段審計讓審計團隊對 Sinvestment 的營運和 ISMS 有了整體了解。
第二階段審核在第一階段審核三週後進行。審計小組觀察到，行銷部門（未包含在審計範圍內）沒有適當的程序來控制員工的存取權限。由於控制員工的存取權限是ISO/IEC 27001的要求之一，並且已包含在公司的資訊安全政策中，因此該問題包含在審計報告中。此外，在第二階段審計中，審計小組觀察到Sinvestment沒有記錄使用者活動日誌。
該公司的程序規定“記錄用戶活動的日誌應保留並定期審查”，但該公司沒有提供任何執行該程序的證據。
在所有審核活動中，審核員透過觀察、訪談、文件化資訊審查、分析和技術驗證來收集資訊和證據。對第一階段和第二階段的所有審核結果進行了分析，審核小組決定發布積極的認證建議。
根據ISO/IEC 27001要求，公司是否需要提供執行有關記錄使用者活動的日誌程式的證據？請參閱場景 6。

• A. 是的，記錄使用者活動的事件日誌必須保存並定期審查
• B. 否，因為該流程的實施不是標準的要求
• C. 否，本公司僅建議實施此程序

Answer: A

Explanation:
Yes, according to ISO/IEC 27001, the company needs to provide evidence of the implementation of procedures regarding the logging of user activities. This requirement is essential to ensure that events are recorded and regularly reviewed, supporting the detection and prevention of security incidents.

NEW QUESTION # 220
您正在一家名為 ABC 的提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。您會發現所有療養院居民都戴著電子腕帶，用於監控他們的位置、心跳和血壓。您了解到，電子腕帶會自動將所有資料上傳到人工智慧（AI）雲端伺服器，供醫護人員進行健康監測和分析。
為了驗證 ISMS 的範圍，您採訪了管理系統代表 (MSR)，他解釋說 ISMS 範圍涵蓋外包資料中心。
選擇三個選項作為您需要尋找的審核證據，以驗證 ISMS 的範圍。

• A. 被審核方正在考慮從外部軟體公司購買醫療保健監控應用程式
• B. 被審核方已確定居民對舒適設施、醫療專業人員能力和清潔環境的需求和期望
• C. 被審核方已確定居民對健康醫療服務的需求和期望
• D. 被審核方已確定居民對設施和環境安全的需求和期望
• E. 被審核方已確定政府當局對醫療保健服務和病患資料處理的需求和期望
• F. 與人工智慧雲端伺服器所在資料中心的IT服務協議
• G. 被審核方擁有 ISO 9001 認證
• H. 受審核方已確定居民對於如何保護居民個人資料的需求和期望

Answer: E,F,H

Explanation:
According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 4.3, the organisation shall determine the scope of the information security management system (ISMS) by considering the internal and external issues, the requirements of interested parties, and the interfaces and dependencies with other organisations12 In this case, the ISMS scope covers an outsourced data center that hosts the artificial intelligence (AI) cloud server for healthcare monitoring and analysis of the residents' data. Therefore, the audit evidence you need to find to verify the scope of the ISMS should include:
* The auditee has identified the governmental authorities' needs and expectations on healthcare services and patient data handling. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to comply with the relevant laws and regulations regarding the quality, safety, and privacy of healthcare services and patient data12
* The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on how they should protect the resident' s personal data. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the resident's personal data that is collected, processed, and stored by the electronic wristband and the AI cloud server12
* The IT service agreement with the data center where the artificial intelligence (AI) cloud server is located. This is an interface and dependency with another organisation that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to control the externally provided processes, products, and services that are relevant to the ISMS, and to implement appropriate contractual requirements related to information security12 The following options are not relevant or sufficient for verifying the scope of the ISMS:
* The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on the facility and environmental safety. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement, but it does not affect the ISMS scope, as it is not related to information security12
* The auditee has ISO 9001 certification. This is an indication of the auditee's quality management system, but it does not verify the scope of the ISMS, as it is not related to information security12
* The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on the comfort facility, medical professional's competence, and clean environment. These are external issues and interested party requirements, but they do not affect the ISMS scope, as they are not related to information security12
* The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on healthcare medical treatment services. These are external issues and interested party requirements, but they do not verify the scope of the ISMS, as they are not specific to information security12
* The auditee is considering the purchase of a healthcare monitoring app from an external software company. This is a potential change that may affect the ISMS scope in the future, but it does not verify the current scope of the ISMS, as it is not yet implemented or controlled12 References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2

NEW QUESTION # 221
您是 ISMS 審計團隊負責人，負責在客戶的資料中心進行後續審計。
現場兩天后，您得出結論，在促使進行後續審核的最初 12 項輕微不符合項和 1 項重大不符合項中，只有 1 項輕微不符合項仍未解決。
選擇您可以採取的動作的四個選項。

• A. 在一項未通知的輕微不符合項被清除後，進行現場後續審核以對其進行審查
• B. 建議暫停組織的認證，因為組織未能在商定的時間內實施商定的糾正措施和糾正措施
• C. 與受審核方/審核客戶同意如何清除剩餘的不合格項、何時以及如何驗證其清除
• D. 告知受審核方您將安排下一次審核為線上審核，以處理突出的不合格項
• E. 記錄所取得的進展，但保持審核開放，直到所有糾正措施均已清除
• F. 建議下次監督審核時處理未解決的輕微不符合項
• G. 結束後續審核，因為組織已證明其致力於清除提出的不合格項
• H. 建議管理審核計畫的個人就突出的不合格項所做的任何決定

Answer: C,E,G,H

Explanation:
The four options for the actions you could take are A, C, F, and G. These options are consistent with the guidance and requirements of ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.712. You could agree with the auditee/audit client how the remaining nonconformity will be cleared, by when, and how its clearance will be verified (A), and document the agreement in the audit report1. You could close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised , and report the outcome to the audit client and other relevant parties1. You could note the progress made but hold the audit open until all corrective action has been cleared (F), and determine the need for another follow-up audit or other actions1. You could also advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity (G), as they are responsible for the overall management and coordination of the audit programme3. The other options are either not appropriate or not necessary for the situation. You should not recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit (B), as this may compromise the audit objectives and the audit programme1. You should not recommend suspension of the organisation's certification as they have failed to implement the agreed corrections and corrective actions within the agreed timescale (D), as this is not within your role or authority as an ISMS auditor4. You should not advise the auditee that you will arrange for the next audit to be an online audit to deal with the outstanding nonconformity (E), as this may not be feasible or effective depending on the nature and complexity of the nonconformity1. You should not conduct an unannounced follow-up audit on-site to review the one outstanding minor nonconformity once it has been cleared (H), as this may not be in accordance with the audit agreement or the audit programme1. Reference: 1: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 6.7 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 6: Closing an ISO/IEC 27001 audit \n3: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 5.3 \n4: ISO/IEC 27006:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems, Clause 9.6

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